Norms and Attitudes on Age-Disparate Transactional Sex Scale (Perrin et al., 2022)

Personal Beliefs and Social Norms regarding sexual relationships between young women / girls and older men in adolescents and adults; 26 Items, 3-5 Item subscales, Ages 15-70 with subgroups
  • Populations: Adolescents and Adults
  • Age ranges: 15-70 (subgroups 15-17, 19-24, 25-70)
  • Languages: Portuguese
  • Countries: Brazil

Items

Subscales

  • Personal Beliefs, 13 Items
    • Attributions to Girls’ Behaviour, 5 Items
    • Men’s Motivations, 5 Items
    • Girls’ Readiness to have Sex, 3 Items
  • Social Norms, 13 Items
    • Attributions to Girls’ Behaviour, 5 Items
    • Men’s Motivations, 5 Items
    • Girls’ Readiness to have Sex, 3 Items

Items by Subscale

Personal Beliefs

Attributions to Girls’ Behaviour

  • If a girl responds positively to the advances of a man on the street, she should have sex with him
  • Girls that accept presents or protection from men should repay with sex 
  • Girls that use short skirts are looking for male attention 
  • Girls that spend a lot of time in the street are available to get involved with men 
  • Girls that get involved with men gain financial stability 

Men’s Motivations

  • Men feel more powerful in sexual relations with girls than with women
  • Men get more pleasure from sex with girls than with women
  • Men think that the body of a girl is more attractive than that of a women
  • Men like to get involved with girls because they are easier to control than women
  • Men never refuse sex offered by a girl

Girls’ Readiness to have Sex

  • A girl with a developed body has the maturity to make decisions about her sexual partners and relations
  • A girl with a developed body is ready to have sex
  • Girls of 13 to 14 years old are able to choose their sexual partners and relationships

 

Social Norms

Attributions to Girls’ Behaviour

  • If a girl responds positively to the advances of a man on the street, she should have sex with him
  • Girls that accept presents or protection from men should repay with sex 
  • Girls that use short skirts are looking for male attention 
  • Girls that get involved with men gain financial stability 
  • Girls that spend a lot of time in the street are available to get involved with men 

Men’s Motivations

  • Men feel more powerful in sexual relations with girls than with women
  • Men get more pleasure from sex with girls than with women
  • Men think that the body of a girl is more attractive than that of a women
  • Men like to get involved with girls because they are easier to control than women
  • Men never refuse sex offered by a girl

Girls’ Readiness to have Sex

  • A girl with a developed body has the maturity to make decisions about her sexual partners and relations
  • A girl with a developed body is ready to have sex
  • Girls of 13 to 14 years old are able to choose their sexual partners and relationships

Scoring

 Scores for each of the factors (subscales) were computed by taking the sum of the items within each subscale

Citations

Perrin, N. A., Levtov, R. G., Ignacio, C. F., Anunciação, L., Landeira-Fernandez, J., Cerdeira, L., Lauro, G., Cislaghi, B., & Buller, A. M. (2022). Measuring social norms and attitudes about age-disparate transactional sex: Psychometric testing of the NAATSS. Lancet Regional Health - Americas (Online), 10, 100209-100209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lana.2022.100209

Scoring breakdown

Measure development

  • Significant design input from young people
  • Cognitive interviews with young people
  • Expert input

Validity

  • Green: Face validity
  • Unknown: Convergent validity
  • Green: Construct validity

Reliability

  • Green: Internal consistency
  • Unknown: Test-retest

Ease of use

  • Unknown: Readability

Definitions

Face validity: How well a measure appears to represent the construct it is supposed to be measuring.

Convergent validity: How well a measure correlates with other hypothetically-related measures.

Construct validity: The extent to which a measure reflects the construct it was designed to evaluate.

Internal consistency: The extent to which items in a scale capture aspects of the same construct.

Test-retest: The degree to which measurement scores are consistent over a short period of time (usually 2 weeks).

Readability: The ease with which a reader can understand the questionnaire items.

Key

  • Green: Meets validation criteria
  • Red: Does not meet validation criteria
  • Unknown: Evidence not available

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