International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Screening Tool for Children (Zolotor et al., 2009)
- Populations: Adolescents
- Age ranges: 13-17
- Languages: Malay, Arabic, English, Hindi, Icelandic, Marathi, Spanish
- Countries: Colombia; Iceland; India; Malaysia; Russia
Items
Items in Malay, then English
- Menarik rambut anda, mencubit anda atau memulas telinga anda?
Pulled your hair, pinched you, or twisted your ear? - Menolak, menyambar atau menendang anda?
Pushed, Grabbed, or Kicked you? - Menggelar anda, bercakap perkara tidak baik atau mengutuk anda?
Called you names, said mean things or cursed you? - Adakah anda dibuli (diejek, berasa malu) supaya anda berasa sedih atau tidak baik oleh kanak kanak lain di rumah?
Have you been bullied (teased, embarrassed) so that you feel sad or bad, by another child at home? - Memukul, membelasah atau menampar anda menggunakan tangan?
Hit, beat, or spanked you with a hand? - Membuatkan anda marah dengan bercakap kepada anda dengan cara seksual atau menulis perkara-perkara seksual tentang anda?
Made you upset by speaking to you in a sexual way or writing sexual things about you? - Menyebabkan anda berasa segan/malu di hadapan orang lain dengan cara yang anda akan sentiasa berasa susah hati?
Made you feel ashamed/embarrassed in front of other people in a way you will always feel bad about? - Memukul, membelasah atau menampar anda dengan tali pinggang, pemukul, kayu atau objek lain?
Hit, beat, or spanked you with a belt, paddle, a stick or other object? - Berasakan bahawa anda tidak penting?
Felt that you were not important? - Anda rasa tidak dipedulikan?
You did not feel cared for? - Mereka mengatakan bahawa mereka harap anda mati/tidak pernah dilahirkan?
Said that they wished you were dead/had never been born? - Berasakan bahawa tidak pernah ada sesiapa yang menjaga diri anda, menyokong anda, membantu anda apabila anda paling
memerlukannya?
Felt that there was never anyone looking after you, supporting you, helping you when you most needed it? - Mengancam untuk meninggalkan anda selama-lamanya atau membiarkan anda?
Threatened to leave you forever or abandon you? - Pernahkah anda melihat sesiapa di dalam rumah anda menggunakan pisau, senjata api, kayu, batu atau benda lain untuk mencederakan atau menakutkan orang lain di dalam rumah?
Have you seen anyone in your home used knives, guns, stick, rocks or other things to hurt or scare someone else inside home? - Mengancam anda dengan pisau atau senjata api
Threatened you with a knife or a gun - Cuba untuk melakukan hubungan seks dengan anda apabila anda tidak mahu?
Tried to have sex with you when you did not want them to? - Membuat video seks anda secara bersendirian atau dengan orang lain melakukan perkara seksual?
Made a sex video of you alone or with other people doing sexual things? - Membuatkan anda melihat alat sulit mereka atau meminta melihat alat sulit anda?
Made you look at their private parts or wanted to look at yours? - Menyentuh bahagian sulit anda atau membuat anda menyentuh alat sulit mereka?
Touched your private parts, or made you touch theirs? - Mencekik anda, menekupkan muka anda dengan sesuatu atau melemaskan anda?
Choked you, smothered you or tried to drown you? - Pernahkah anda melihat orang dewasa di dalam rumah anda memukul, menendang, menampar, menumbuk antara satu sama lain atau menyakiti antara satu sama lain secara fizikal dengan cara yang lain?
Have you seen adults in your home hit, kick, slap, punch each other or hurt each other physically in other ways? - Pernahkah anda melihat orang dewasa di dalam rumah anda mencekik dan menjerit pada satu sama lain (bertengkar) dengan cara yang menakutkan anda?
Have you seen adults in your home shouting and yelling at each other (arguing) in a way that frightened you? - Adakah anda rasa anda tidak mendapat makanan yang mencukupi (kelaparan) dan/atau minum (kehausan) walaupun ia cukup untuk semua orang?
Do you feel that you did not get enough to eat (went hungry) and/or drink (were thirsty) even though there was enough for everyone? - Adakah anda tinggal di tempat di mana anda telah melihat orang ditembak, bom meletup, orang berjuang, atau rusuhan?
Have you lived somewhere where you have seen people being shot, bombs going off, people fighting, or rioting? - Memakai pakaian koyak, kotor atau kain yang tidak cukup panas/ terlalu panas, kasut yang terlalu kecil walaupun terdapat cara
untuk mendapatkan yang lebih baik/yang baru?
Have to wear dirty, torn clothes, or clothes that were not warm enough/too warm, shoes that were too small even though there were ways of getting better/new ones? - Menetapkan anda berada pada satu kedudukan memegang beban berat atau beban lain atau mengarah anda melakukan senaman sebagai hukuman?
Making you stay in one position holding a heavy load or another burden or making you do exercise as punishment? - Membuatkan anda menonton video seks atau melihat gambar gambar seks dalam majalah atau komputer apabila anda tidak mahu?
Made you watch a sex video or look at sexual pictures in a magazine or computer when you did not want to?
Responses:
“many times,” “sometimes,” “never” and “not in the past year but this has happened.”
Scoring
Not Reported
Citations
Sahaimi, M. F., Mat Pa, M. N., & Taib, F. (2020). A Malay Version of the International Society for the Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect Screening Tool for Children: A Study of Its Validity and Reliability. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences, 27(4), 97–107. https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.4.9
Zolotor, A. J., Runyan, D. K., Dunne, M. P., Jain, D., Péturs, H. R., Ramirez, C., Volkova, E., Deb, S., Lidchi, V., Muhammad, T., & Isaeva, O. (2009). ISPCAN Child Abuse Screening Tool Children’s Version (ICAST-C): Instrument development and multi-national pilot testing. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(11), 833–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2009.09.004
Scoring breakdown
Measure development
- Significant design input from young people
- Cognitive interviews with young people
- Expert input
Validity
- Unknown: Face validity
- Unknown: Convergent validity
- Green: Construct validity
Reliability
- Green: Internal consistency
- Unknown: Test-retest
Ease of use
- Unknown: Readability
Definitions
Face validity: How well a measure appears to represent the construct it is supposed to be measuring.
Convergent validity: How well a measure correlates with other hypothetically-related measures.
Construct validity: The extent to which a measure reflects the construct it was designed to evaluate.
Internal consistency: The extent to which items in a scale capture aspects of the same construct.
Test-retest: The degree to which measurement scores are consistent over a short period of time (usually 2 weeks).
Readability: The ease with which a reader can understand the questionnaire items.
Key
- Green: Meets validation criteria
- Red: Does not meet validation criteria
- Unknown: Evidence not available