Genderism and Transphobia Scale (Hill & Willoughby, 2005)

• Populations: Adolescents
• Age ranges: 14-18
• Languages: English, Spanish, Chinese
• Countries: Canada; Hong Kong; Spain

Items

This measure has also been validated with a short form with 12 items 

Subscales

• Gender Bashing (7 Items)
• Transphobia / Genderism (25 Items)

Items by Subscale

Gender Bashing

• If I saw a man on the street that I thought was really a woman, I would ask him if he was a man or a woman
• I have behaved violently towards a woman because she was too masculine
• If I encountered a male who wore high-heeled shoes, stockings and makeup, I would consider beating him up
• I have behaved violently towards a man because he was too feminine
• I have beat up men who act like sissies
• I have teased a woman because of her masculine appearance or behavior
• I have teased a man because of his feminine appearance or behavior

Transphobia / Genderism

• Men who cross-dress for sexual pleasure disgust me
• Sex change operations are morally wrong
• God made two sexes and two sexes only
• If a friend wanted to have his penis removed in order to become a woman, I would openly support him
• A man who dresses as a woman is a pervert
• It is morally wrong for a woman to present herself as a man in public
• Women who see themselves as men are abnormal
• People are either men or women
• Feminine men make me feel uncomfortable
• Feminine boys should be cured of their problem
• I would avoid talking to a woman if I knew she had surgically created a penis and testicles
• If I found out that my best friend was changing their sex, I would freak out
• Masculine women make me feel uncomfortable
• Children should be encouraged to explore their masculinity and femininity
• I would go to a bar that was frequented by females who used to be males
• Men who act like women should be ashamed of themselves
• If a man wearing makeup and a dress, who also spoke in a high voice, approached my child, I would use physical force to stop
  him
• Men who shave their legs are weird 
• My friends and I have often joked about men who dress like women
• Children should play with toys appropriate to their own sex
• If I found out that my lover was the other sex, I would get violent
• I can’t understand why a woman would act masculine
• It’s all right to make fun of people who cross-dress
• Passive men are weak
• Individuals should be allowed to express their gender freely

Short Form 

Subscales

• Gender Bashing
• Transphobia / Genderism

Items by Subscale

Gender Bashing

• I have beat up men who act like sissies. / He agredido fı´sicamente a chicos que se comportan como maricas
•  I have behaved violently toward a woman because she was too masculine. / Me he comportado violentamente con una chica por ser demasiado masculine
• I have teased a man because of his feminine appearance or behavior. / Me he burlado de un chico debido a su aspecto o comportamiento femenino.
• If I saw a man on the street that I thought was really a woman, I would ask him if he was a man or a woman. / Si viese a un hombre en la calle que sospechara que es una mujer le preguntarı´a su sexo.
•  I have teased a woman because of her masculine appearance or behavior. / Me he burlado de una chica debido a su aspecto o comportamiento masculine.
• I have behaved violently toward a man because he was too feminine. / Me he comportado violentamente con un chico por ser demasiado femenino.

Transphobia / Genderism

•  God made two sexes and two sexes only. / Dios hizo dos sexos y so´lo dos sexos.
• I cannot understand why a woman would  act masculine. / No podrı´a entender por que´ una mujer se comporta de forma masculine.
• A man who dresses as a woman is a pervert. / Un chico que se viste de mujer es un pervertido.
• Feminine men make me feel uncomfortable. / Los chicos femeninos me disgustan.
• People are either men or women. / Laspersonas son hombre o mujer.
•  It is morally wrong for a woman to present herself as a man in public. / Es inmoral que una mujer se presente en pu´ blico como un hombre.

Responses

Items used a 7 point Likert-type scale 

1 = strongly agree, 2 = agree, 3 = somewhat agree, 4 = neutral, 5 = somewhat disagree, 6 = disagree, 7 = strongly disagree

Scoring

Lower scores indicate a higher level of transphobic attitudes.

Citations

Hill, D., & Willoughby, B. (2005). The development and validation of the genderism and transphobia scale. Sex Roles, 53(7-8), 531-544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-005-7140-x

Spanish; Short Form, 

María Victoria Carrera-Fernández, María Lameiras-Fernández, YolandaRodríguez-Castro & Pablo Vallejo-Medina (2014) Spanish Adolescents’ Attitudes towardTranspeople: Proposal and Validation of a Short Form of the Genderism and TransphobiaScale, The Journal of Sex Research, 51:6, 654-666, DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.773577

Chinese

Winter, S., Webster, B., & Cheung, P. K. E. (2008). Measuring HongKong undergraduate students’ attitudes towards transpeople. SexRoles, 59, 670–683. doi:10.1007/s11199-008-9462-y