Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships (Wolfe et al., 2001)

• Populations: Adolescents
• Age ranges: 13-19
• Languages: English, Hebrew, Spanish, Brazilian Portugese
• Countries: Brazil; Canada; Colombia; Mexico; Spain

Items

Subscales:

• Physical Abuse
• Threatening Behavior
• Sexual Abuse
• Relational Abuse
• Verbal / Emotional Abuse

CADRI full length items by subscale

Perpetratation

Physical Abuse

• I threw something at her
• I kicked, hit, or punched her
• I slapped her or pulled her hair
• I pushed, shoved, or shook her

Threatening Behavior

• I destroyed or threatened to destroy something she valued
• I deliberately tried to frighten her
• I threatened to hurt her
• I threatened to hit her or throw something at her

Sexual Abuse

• I touched her sexually when she didn’t want me to
• I forced her to have sex when she didn’t want to
• I threatened her in an attempt to have sex with her
• I kissed her when she didn’t want me to

Relational Aggression

• I tried to turn her friends against her
• I said things to her friends about her to turn them against her
• I spread rumors about her

Verbal / Emotional Abuse

• I did something to try to make her jealous
• I brought up something bad that she had done in the past
• I said things just to make her angry
• I spoke to her in a hostile or mean tone of voice
• I insulted her with put downs
• I ridiculed or made fun of her in front of others
• I kept track of who she was with and where she was
• I blamed her for the problem
• I accused her of flirting with another guy
• I threatened to end the relationship

CADRI short form list of items 

Perpetration

• I spoke to my partner in a hostile or mean tone of voice. 
• I insulted my partner with put-downs. 
• I said things to my partner’s friends about my partner to try and turn them against him/her.
• I kicked, hit, or punched my partner. 
• I slapped or pulled my partner’s hair. 
• I threatened to hurt my partner. 
• I threatened to hit or throw something at my partner. 
• I spread rumors about my partner. 
• I touched my partner sexually when they didn’t want me to. 
• I forced my partner to have sex when they didn’t want to. 

Victimization

•  My partner spoke to me in a hostile or mean tone of voice. 
•  My partner insulted me with put-downs. 
•  My partner said things to my friends about me to turn them against me.
•  My partner kicked, hit, or punched me. 
•  My partner slapped or pulled my hair. 
•  My partner threatened to hurt me. 
•  My partner threatened to hit or throw something at me. 
•  My partner spread rumors about me. 
•  My partner touched me sexually when I didn’t want them to. 
•  My partner forced me to have sex when I didn’t want to.

Responses:

Response choices for each item were defined as never (this has never happened), seldom (this has happened only 1–2 times), sometimes (this has happened about 3–5 times), and often (this has happened 6 times or more)

Scoring

“On the basis of these findings, we propose two possible methods for scoring the CADRI: One method uses all items to establish an abuse score, and the other method uses only items contained on the physical, threatening, and verbal or emotional subscales to establish a “restricted abuse” score. The latter method may be more appropriate for research purposes that involve age and sex comparisons across time” (Wolfe et al., 2001)

Citations

Wolfe, D. A., Scott, K., Reitzel-Jaffe, D., Wekerle, C., Grasley, C., & Straatman, A. L. (2001). Development and validation of the conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory. Psychological Assessment, 13(2), 277–293. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.13.2.277

Factor Structure test:

Shorey, R. C., Allan, N. P., Cohen, J. R., Fite, P. J., Stuart, G. L., & Temple, J. R. (2019). Testing the factor structure and measurement invariance of the conflict in adolescent dating relationship inventory. Psychological Assessment, 31(3), 410-416. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000678

*List of languages in below article:

Reichenheim, M. E., Marques, E. S., & De Moraes, C. L. (2022). Structural validity of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI): A reduced version for use on respondents as victims and perpetrators. Child Abuse & Neglect, 127, 105526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105526

English:

• Wolfe et al., 2001 (above)
• Rivas-Koehl, M. M., Merrin, G. J., & Espelage, D. L. (2023). Assessing the longitudinal measurement invariance of the conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory (CADRI) victimization scale across heterosexual and sexual minority adolescents in the united states. Psychology of Violence, 13(1), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000452
• McMillan, I. F., Montanaro, E., Langhinrichsen-Rohling, J., & Mennicke, A. (2024). Queering the conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory: An examination of the conflict in adolescent relationships inventory perpetration Scale’s measurement invariance across heterosexual and sexual minority youth. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 39(9-10), 2017-2040. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605231213381

Hebrew:

• Schiff, M., & Zeira, A. (2005). Dating violence and sexual risk behaviors in a sample of at-risk Israeli youth. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29(11), 1249–1263. https://doi.org/
  10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.04.007

Spanish:

• Fernandez-Fuertes, A. A., Fuertes, A., & Pulido, R. F. (2006). Evaluaci´on de la violencia en las relaciones de pareja de los adolescentes. Validacion del Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) - version espanola. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 6(2), 339–358.
• Hokoda, A., Ramos-Lira, L., Celaya, P., Vilhauer, K., Angeles, M., Ruíz, S., Malcarne, V. L., & Mora, M. D. (2006). Reliability of translated measures assessing dating violence among mexican adolescents. Violence and Victims, 21(1), 117. https://doi.org/10.1891/088667006780927367
• Liria Fernández-González, Christine Wekerle & Abby L Goldstein (2012) Measuring adolescent dating violence: Development of ‘conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory’ short form, Advances in Mental Health, 11:1, 35-54, DOI: 10.5172/jamh.2012.11.1.35
• Redondo Pacheco, J., Rey Anacona, C. A., Moreno Méndez, J. H., & Luzardo Briceño, M. (2021). Validación Colombiana del Inventario de Violencia en las Relaciones de Pareja en Adolescentes (CADRI). Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación – e Avaliação Psicológica, 58(1). https://doi.org/10.21865/RIDEP58.1.12

Brazillian Prtuguese:

• Minayo, M. C. D. S., Assis, S. G. D., & Njaine, K. (2011). Amor e violˆencia: um paradoxo das relaç˜oes de namoro e do ‘ficar’entre jovens brasileiros. Rio de Janeiro: Editora
  Fiocruz.
• Reichenheim, M. E., Marques, E. S., & de Moraes, C. L. (2022). Structural validity of the conflict in adolescent dating relationships inventory (CADRI): A reduced version for use on respondents as victims and perpetrators. Child Abuse & Neglect, 127, 105526-105526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105526

Team comments

Please note that full list items were presented as originally published, and other versions of these questions may not assume gendered roles in terms of violence perpetration.

 

Please note that for the overall CADRI-S (Fernández-González, Wekerle, & Goldstein, 2012) internal consistency varied across sex lines.  Cronbach’s alpha below:

Full CADRI-S sample: .85 

Males = .90

Females = .69