Concealment Stress and Positive Identity Development (Bruce, Harper, & Bauermeister, 2015)

• Populations: Individuals assigned male at birth, who have sex with others assigned male at birth.
• Age ranges: 16-24
• Languages: English
• Countries: United States

Items

Subscales:

• Positive Identity Development
• Concealment Stress

Positive Identity Development Item Stem: “How did you think about the following issues after you began meeting other LGBT persons:” 

• I felt more comfortable with who I was 
• I thought there were people I could talk to about my experiences. 
• I wanted to disprove stereotypes about gay men. 
• My friends told me that being gay was acceptable. 
• I got to know people who had similar experiences to me. 
• I got to know people who were supportive of me

Concealment Stress Item Stem: “When you were growing up and realizing you were attracted to other guys sexually…” 

• How often did you feel like you had to hide your attraction to other guys? 
• How often did you feel like you couldn’t be yourself? 
• How often did you feel uncomfortable in your own body? 
• How often did you feel isolated? 
• How often did you think you could not act on your feelings? 
• How often did you question yourself based on what other people said about you? 
• How often did you fear judgment from your family about your feelings toward other men? 
• How often did you fear judgment from friends about your feelings toward other men.

Scoring

Not Reported

Citations

Bruce, D., Harper, G. W., & Bauermeister, J. A. (2015). Minority stress, positive identity development, and depressive symptoms: Implications for resilience among sexual minority male youth. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity, 2(3), 287–296. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000128.